Identify the controlling instructions
Chicago’s official Q&A on notes under 12-point essay text directs students to local guidelines for footnotes and other elements. A smaller footnote is not automatically the correct choice simply because a word processor started with it.
Separate notes from their callouts
A superscript reference mark and the text of the note are different elements. Keep the callout visibly connected to the correct passage while using the required size for the note itself. Changing every superscript character to ordinary-sized text would not answer the note-formatting question.
Recognize context-specific requirements
Indiana Appellate Rule 43, as one concrete filing example, specifies 12-point or larger type in both body text and footnotes. That is an example of a particular court’s requirement, not a rule for all essays or every jurisdiction. Use the exact current instructions governing the document.
Build one consistent note style
Apply the selected treatment through the document’s note-formatting workflow so repeated notes remain consistent. Keep notes concise and leave enough separation to distinguish neighboring entries. Record family, size and line spacing together rather than describing the requirement only as smaller text.
Your questions, answered.
Must footnotes always be 10 point?
No. Chicago directs students to local instructions, and other document contexts can specify different minimums.
Is the superscript reference number the same as the note text?
No. They have different roles in the document and should be formatted according to the required style.
Sources & background
Sources supporting this page’s explanations. Practical examples are our editorial suggestions.